Air And Angels Essay Example For Students

Air And Angels Essay Air and Angels John Donnes sonnet Air and Angels centers around the medieval convictions regarding holy messengers. Heavenly attendants are regularly observed as envoys of God or show up as a traditional portrayal of a human structure with wings. A mainstream hypothesis in medieval occasions expected heavenly attendants in specific situations assumed assemblages of air. The basic subject of this sonnet is on adoration. John Donnes hypothesis is that adoration can't exist in nothing or in things, however some place in the middle. The perfect of adoration communicated all through the sonnet takes on an ill defined and physical structure, however to John Donne, love assumes the type of air and heavenly attendants, which is the in the middle. All through the sonnet, it shows love taking on two structures, an ill defined and physical structure. In the principal refrain there are outlines and clear models demonstrating the two types of adoration. In the primary verse of the sonnet the artist recollects a past in which he adored his woman before he knew her face or name; her impact upon him is compared to that of points which, so in a voice, so in a vague fire, are revered by man. John Donne proceeds with his line of thinking by commenting that the spirit, a spirit being the interminable piece of an individual, frequently viewed as undying or the good, passionate or scholarly nature of an individual, brings forth love which has appendages of substance. This implies love should likewise expect a physical structure. John Donne than continues to state, That it accept thy body, I permit, And fix, itself in thy lip, eye, and temple. This implies he is requesting affection to take the body of the lady. Once more, the perfect of adoration taking an unclear and physical structure is talked about, however in refrain two. The second verse a continuation of the main refrain progresses, particularly utilizing nautical symbolism. John Donne talks about the perfect of stabilizer love, counterweight meaning anything substantial conveyed in a boat to give security. This perfect of weight love utilized by John Donne implies that he had proposed to consistent or by so typify love. John Donne found rather that the products which he put upon his adoration would sink appreciation, which means his affection would not please consideration. Nautical symbolism is finished with I saw I had adores pinnace overfraught. In conclusion, a fascinating line to call attention to is, For, nor in nothing, nor in things Extreme and dissipating splendid, can adore inhere. This line obviously shows that adoration can't exist in nothing or in things, yet some place in the middle. The inquiry to be posed than is, what is the in the middle of adoration? In the last piece of the sonnet, John Donne endeavors to demonstrate the in the middle of adoration, which to him is through air and holy messengers. Where it states, Then, as a heavenly attendant, face, and wings Of air, not as unadulterated as it, yet unadulterated doth wear, demonstrates that it was thought holy messengers are insignificant, however expect an assemblage of air, the least irrelevant ofâ the components when they appear to men. John Donne understands the disparity among air and blessed messengers, just as among people. It is viewed also, that a holy messenger is less material than cherishes circle, which means air, so man is more material than the circle it takes upon, which is the womans love. At last, it is clear to see that in, As is twixt air and blessed messengers virtue, Twixt womens love and mens will ever be, that relative immaculateness is being spoken to in heavenly attendants and man, while the flawlessness of immaculateness is of the air and the lady. All through the sonnet, than converted into the article, it is obvious to see that affection takes on an ill defined and physical structure. Refrain one and two gave away from of these two types of adoration. Despite the fact that adoration all through the sonnet takes on an ill defined and physical structure, John Donnes hypothesis to cherish is that it can't exist in nothing or in things, yet some place in the middle. This in the middle of adoration, which was unmistakably represented by John Donne, is in truth air and blessed messengers.

Leadership Style - Skill - and Change Management

Question: Give a concise conversation on administration style, aptitude, and change the board. Answer: Administration Great initiative requires great human quality past the idea of being legitimate. In the time of globalizations, great pioneers are the empowering power inspiring the individuals and associations to perform and create in a group to accomplish the motivation behind the association adjusting people to associations needs and points. Great administration incorporates the correct mentality and conduct that is identified with humankind. Administration is a chance to serve the individuals of the general public. Authority centers around the individuals of the association to settle on powerful choices and activities and its obligation regarding individuals. Administration incorporates passionate qualities and conduct attributes, which originates from the pioneers and the experience they have accumulated throughout the years. Initiative is a significant idea, which is described by progressively intricate and fast evolving world. Great pioneers are obeyed as individuals trust and regard them in view of the amazing administration they have appeared. Authority relies upon the traits that are not quantifiable like confidence, motivation, mentality, dynamic and it originates from the individual and expert experience of the pioneers. Today moral administration has become a significant part since the world is associated and media and open scrutinize the activity and methods of reasoning of the association. The new pioneers need to comprehend the individuals and the results before settling on any such choices that influence the organization picture in the market. Compelling pioneers are adaptable enough to change the initiative style according to advancing circumstance. There are exemplary styles, transformational styles, participative styles and compelling pioneers (Madsen et al., 2014). Exemplary styles clarify how much control a pioneer provides for its subordinates. In a free enterprise, style of administration supervisor gives less power to the subordinates. This style of authority suits well in a circumstance where the workers are exceptionally prepared and roused. Though despotic style of authority clarifies a circumstance where pioneers control the vast majority of the work and give exceptionally less extension to the subordinates to make any recommendations. The participative administration style centers around cooperation to work cooperatively to take care of the issue and increment the presentation of the pioneers (Salih Doll, 2013). Transformational style clarifies how pioneers can carry changes to a working environment and in the representatives. The pioneers of this classification have a dream of the organization and have the skillets to execute the vision. The pioneers are roused by their dazzling quality and aptitude of administration to set the vision of the association and inspire others to accomplish it. This sort of initiative suits well in enterprising organizations (Mast et al., 2012). Participative styles feature worker support in work. One of this sort of authority is the fair style of administration. In this structure the pioneer, take the people proposal while settling on choices for the association. The style is most appropriate for those association which has a few choices to coordinate the group. The affiliative style centers around the cooperation to build the exhibition of the group and improve the general standard of correspondence the framework. This applies to the organization where there is an immense hole made by an inappropriate association. Dynamic Leaders have a place with that classification which is influenced by the character of the pioneers. This kind of administration centers around the powerful pioneers who set the exclusive expectation of objective and are extremely fanatical to understand the objective. Michael Dell, one of the conspicuous pioneers of Dell PCs situated in Texas have a place with the class due to his consistent undertaking to develop and improve the business. In an ordering style of initiative, the pioneers direct the workers like a military and are material in emergency. In training style, the pioneer recognizes the advancement zones of a worker to show the student how to beat the issue by defining the activity plan and by persistently giving criticism to improve the result (Jones et al., 2012). Pretend Pretend is a significant learning apparatus for quite a while. By pretending an individual is anticipating himself in a nonexistent circumstance where an individual can't control the result of a case yet envisions a portion of the conditions to guide the presentation to impact the outcomes. Pretends regularly use hypothesis and accumulate all the ideas to change it into a useful encounter. Pretend can be inadequate when individuals are not satisfactory about what they should do. The goal of pretending is to make it understood to the representatives what is anticipated from them. The pioneer needs to comprehend whether the chief needs to survey the ability of the workers or creating them. On the off chance that it is assessing the individuals, at that point they should realize the competency level of individuals to know about their latent capacity and their ability to confront a test. It permits different members to screen the pretend to offer the remark on this since it is immensely learning experience for the onlookers. The onlookers ought to adhere to the pioneer's guidance while watching the issue comprehend the point pretend. One of the destinations of the pretend is to build up the individual to confront future difficulties for the association. The idea of pretend revolves around not many things it must be basic, and the goal of pretend must be obvious to the memb ers, and the members must comprehend the guidelines and criticism of the pioneer who is given in a split second (Bennett Dodge, 2014). For instance Storyboarding has been utilized for designing and software engineering tasks to guarantee participation structure specialists from various streams. Collective structure workshops use pretend where a software engineering or building understudies expect to assume venture jobs like undertaking administrator, creator to play it up and it causes them to accumulate aptitude and information and conquer the difficulties while confronting such circumstance in all actuality. Change the executives Change the executives incorporates moving the association and its worker to get wanted changes the business. It tends to be key, operational or mechanical changes that can emerge out of the association or outside the association. Specialized, macroeconomics, globalization and new lawful enactment are viewed as the outer powers for change while new administration, rebuilding are viewed as the interior powers for change. The administration is a change specialist who will get all the positive moves the association to for the advancement of the organization. The outside powers animate the association to change the current situation with the assistance of authority to bring the ideal authoritative changes. Mechanical changes can carry sensational changes to the structure by growing the gracefully and interest for the item in a market. It requires equipped change the executives to get the open door by staying away from all the negative ramifications related with it. The downturn of 2008 epitomizes the significance of versatility and change (Cameron Green, 2015). Shell was missing of oil saves emergency in 2004 and that has influenced its offer cost. This has occurred because of the flight of the Oil bunches director, Sir Philip Watts. The new administrator Jeroen van der has recognized the need of progress and changes of whole structure to hold the piece of the pie of the item. They have normalized the whole framework affecting 80 Shell units. The adjustment in process has indicated the significant market players the need of progress and concentrated on reception from everyone associated with the framework. Participative administration It disseminates obligation among the colleagues consequently enabling the part and helping them in bunches dynamic. The participative initiative revolves around four things. First is the data sharing that is keeping the representatives educated about the progressions and the monetary status of the organization. It gives preparing to improve the ability level of the representatives and give advancement chances to apply new aptitudes in regard of dynamic in the association. It offers numerous advantages for the organization by making possession in the organization and inspires workers to upgrade efficiency to accomplish the objective. Steve Jobs, the proprietor of Apple and Pixar, is one of the notable participative pioneers who has imagined Macintosh PC. Occupations creation is set apart by straightforwardness; each part of the gadget is investigated cautiously. Along these lines, Job has made something which is a case of superb advancement and ready to ingrain trust in the clients. In his initiative he has indicated persistence, sympathy, energy and certainty (Sebastian,2014). Steve Jobs helped Apple to endure as a result of his versatility to new changes, from a participative pioneer Steve Jobs has gotten magnetic or free enterprise pioneer and Apple has got achievement then he turned into a totalitarian chief and surrendered the organization according to the guidelines of Apples top managerial staff. Occupations has come back to Apple following 10 years and applied a few administration styles with participative style simultaneously. Accordingly Jobs with the assistance of other experienced pioneers has made the progress and Apple endure. Gathering Discussions Gathering conversations help to determine issues, improves dynamic and to evaluate the character of the representatives in a superior manner. It has become fundamental apparatuses for critical thinking by giving various perspectives. So the achievement of gathering conversations relies upon successful correspondence, a support all things considered and a genuine administration expertise (Ahmad et al., 2014). Many rumored B-schools like IIMs direct gathering conversations in the last round of choice procedure. In this procedure the up-and-comers are posed not many inquiries dependent on a contextual analysis and the contextual investigation bunch conversations are for the most part managing circumstances in corporate world. The up-and-comer will

New Student Photo Series 2013 Post 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

New Student Photo Series 2013 Post 4 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Rosalind Adams will be a dual degree MIA and MS in Journalism candidate at Columbia University.   I recently left my job in the U.N. press corps to spend the summer in Santiago writing for a local English newspaper, freelancing and studying Spanish. Im covering the presidential election and the student protests here and things are really starting to build. These pictures were taken from the student protest on June 20, 2013 in Santiago, Chile. protestor in gas mask, prepared for the tear gas carabinero vehicles drive by a fire set in the street by encampuchados (vandals) protestor is grabbed by carabineros (local police) after she blocked the police car with her body to try and stop them students march back to the beginning of the route after violence begins, with carabineros behind them

Essay on Hamlet Madness Analyzed - 630 Words

Gabrielle Donofrio February 16, 2012 AP Literature Free Response 2001. One definition of madness is â€Å"mental delusion or the eccentric behavior arising from it.† But Emily Dickinson wrote â€Å"Much madness is divinest sense to a discerning eye.† Novelists and playwrights have often seen madness with a â€Å"discerning eye†. Select a novel or play in which as character’s apparent madness or irrational behavior plays an important role. Then write a well-organized essay in which you explain what this delusion or eccentric behavior consists of and how it might be judged reasonable. Explain the significance of the â€Å"madness† to the work as a whole. Do not merely summarize the plot. It is safe to say that many of Shakespeare’s plays have some sort of†¦show more content†¦It was no longer an act. Ophelia was warned by her father, Polonius and her brother, Laertes to stay away from Hamlet, however, she denied their warnings. There were many attempts for Ophelia to get away from Hamlet, yet none o f them worked and Ophelia wound up dying, most likely as a suicide. Hamlet’s madness drove Ophelia mad as well and it became the downfall of her as well as many other characters in the play. While it is true that Hamlet was merely playing the role of someone who had gone mad, many people may say that Hamlet’s madness was brought upon himself simply by the fact that he was trying to fulfill the orders from his dead father yet couldn’t because of his lack of acting upon a plan. It is strongly possible that Hamlet became extremely frustrated because every chance he got to expose Claudius and capture him in this enormous secret, he failed to do so. Therefore, Hamlet’s madness could be judged as reasonable but most likely for different reasons than one may think. Rather than going mad over the concrete facts that his father died and his mother remarried his uncle less than two months afterwards, he drove himself mad over his own flaws. Hamlet’s tragic f law absolutely led to his tragic downfall as aShow MoreRelatedThe Symbolism Of Ophelia s Hamlet 1500 Words   |  6 Pagesthe text be read and interpreted differently by two different readers? Text Analyzed: Shakespeare’s Hamlet Part of the Course to Which the Text Corresponds to: Part 4 Thesis: In Shakespeare’s tragedy, Hamlet, Ophelia’s role would be interpreted as a plot device by a modern English woman and as a victim by an Elizabethan woman. This would occur because of their understanding of the symbolism of Ophelia’s actions in madness, the context surrounding Hamlet’s view of her, and their characterization ofRead MoreInsanity Is The Worst Human Trait939 Words   |  4 Pagesconsidered the worst human trait. As for Hamlet, insanity doesn’t even begin to describe his character in Shakespeare’s Hamlet. This embarrassing trait forces Hamlet to disguise his madness with actual madness. Hamlet can be analyzed as character gone mad. He endures the difficulties with the death and reappearance of his father, the remarriage of his mother, and the murders of Claudius and Laertes. The reappearance of King Hamlet is the first glimpse of Hamlet’s madness; he doesn’t begin the play beingRead MoreHamlets Madness: Fei gned or Real Essay556 Words   |  3 PagesOne of the most analyzed plays in existence is Shakespeare’s tragedy Hamlet, with its recurring question: â€Å"Is Hamlet’s madness feigned or real?† This question can only be answered through the portrayal of his character when he is associated with the other characters in the play. In Shakespeare’s play Prince Hamlet pretends to insane or mad, in order to thwart and baffle those who prevent him in his quest for revenge. Hamlet poses a viable threat to Claudius throne whether sane or insane, and HamletsRead MoreHamlet and New Historicism795 Words   |  4 PagesShakespeare’s play Hamlet, written between 1599 and 1602, is a tragedy that has become an iconic example of madness, paranoia, romance, blood thirst, and the supernatural. Hamlet sees his father’s ghost and discovers that his father, the former King of Denmark, was poisoned by his brother Claudius. As the plot unfolds, Hamlet appears to be crazed as his paranoia and suspicions overcome him. Claudius sends Hamlet away to England to be murdered when he suspects that Hamlet is on to him. Hamlet then escapesRead MoreEssay on Hamlets Antic Disposition1487 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Shakespeares famous tragedy Hamlet, the main character of the story is one majestically elaborated, aside from being quite complex. There are infinite volumes written about this character because Shakespeare leaves no firm proof of many of his character traits. Yet on Hamlets antic disposition, meaning his obviously absurd temperament or madness, Shakespeare leaves plenty of reason to believe that it is feigned, meaning that it is simply a ploy to help Hamlet carry out his plans for revengeRead MoreThe Decision Of Hamlet s Mental State939 Words   |  4 PagesA theme of ‘madness’ is carefully and creatively manifested within Hamlet. A question that I intend to get out of the way fairly quickly would be the decision of Hamletâ €™s mental state. There is much controversy surrounding the idea of Hamlet’s madness, and textual evidence can support either side of the argument. However, madness is still at the heart of this play, whether it be real or feigned. Since we cannot prove Hamlet’s sanity, we may still act under the assumption that he has lost his holdRead MoreHamlet Socratic Circle Essay1225 Words   |  5 PagesHamlet Socratic Circle 1. Did Hamlet really go crazy? How does this connect to his wavering between action and inaction? Why doesn’t Hamlet just kill Claudius? Is he a just man who needs assurance beyond a doubt of Claudius’ guilt? Is he unable to take action because the opportunity never presents itself? Is he simply a coward? What are Hamlet’s true motivations for even pursuing the murder of Claudius? Is it Fear? Revenge? Love? Loyalty/Obligation? No, Hamlet did not really go crazy From theRead MoreThe Media And Creation Of The Works Of Shakespeare s Hamlet1041 Words   |  5 PagesBelieved to have been written between 1599 and 1601, Shakespeare’s Hamlet is still globally studied and analyzed today. Along with personal reflections and countless interpretations of the piece, thousands of pieces of artwork have been created based on the play. To me, the three pieces that most accurately depict the ideas and events within the play are Nicolai Abraham Abildgaard’s Hamlet and His Mother Seeing His Father s Ghost, Paul Albert Steck’s Ophelia, and Benjamin West’s Ophelia and LaertesRead MoreAnalysis Of Shakespeare s Hamlet 1061 Words   |  5 PagesKylie Kwiatt Jaime Jordan Reading Shakespeare October 29, 2014 Hamlet through Feminist Lens In the play Hamlet by William Shakespeare, the character of Ophelia may be looked at and analyzed through a Feminist perspective. By using a Feminist lens, readers may observe the impact of patriarchal society and misogyny on the mind of a young lady doing her best to fit into the role of a Shakespearian-era woman. Women were expected to be virginal, yet sexual, subservient and inferior to men, and possessionsRead MoreThe Theme of Appearance vs. Reality in William Shakespeares Works729 Words   |  3 PagesShakespeares Works Characters within one of William Shakespeares greatest tragic plays, Hamlet, appear to be true and honest but in reality are infested with many falsehoods and deceptions. Characters such as Polonius, Claudius, and Hamlet give an impression of a person who is sincere and genuine, but behind their masks are plagued with lies and evil. As a result of Shakespeares ingenious character

William Shakespeare s Macbeth As A Tragic Hero - 985 Words

William Shakespeare’s Macbeth (published 1623), a masterpiece, because of the number of issues it deals with in society both in Shakespeare’s time and modern society. He is regarded as the greatest English playwright of all time and has written many magnificent plays over the course of his lifetime. Shakespeare’s plays are still significant today as they cover many issues that we continue to face, such as racism (Shylock in Merchant of Venice), love (Romeo and Juliet), and the mysterious supernatural (The witches in Macbeth). His plays will continue to remain timeless, as these issues will continue to exist in society as long as it exists. Macbeth is a tragic hero who is corrupted by his desire for power, which makes him go from being a†¦show more content†¦Macbeth’s desire for power is again perceptible when he has someone murder in Banquo Act 3 Scene 1 Line 114-115 â€Å"Both of you know Banquo was your enemy† Act 3 Scene 1 line 125-126 â€Å"We shall, my lord, Perform what you command of us.† Here Macbeth has sent murderers after his friend Banquo because the witches foreshadow that Banquo’s line will be a line of Kings in Act 1 Scene 3 lines 63-65 â€Å"Lesser than Macbeth, and greater. Not so happy, yet much happier. Thou shalt get kings, though thou be none.† as Macbeth does not want one of Banquo’s sons to precede him as King of Scotland. The final act that makes Macbeth a villainous tyrant is when he murders Macduff’s family as depicted in Act 4 Scene 2 Lines 80-82 â€Å"What, you egg! Young fry of treachery! [Kills him] He has killed me, mother,† Macbeth does this because the first apparition of the three witches said in Act 4 Scene 1 lines 69-71 â€Å"Macbeth, Macbeth, Macbeth: beware Macduff, Beware the Thane of Fife. Dismiss me. Enough.† So Macbeth believes that Macduff may do something to topple him from his throne, which utilises dramatic irony for we know that Macduff will want revenge and eventually slays Macbeth for his crimes. This has no use-by date because people’s lust for power will be around forever and many people will do whatever it takes to gain it. Many people still

Johnny Man Widening Views Free Essays

string(48) " and the beginning of womb-to-tomb acquisition\." This essay will look at and research a cardinal text ( The Saber Tooth Curriculum ) . It will put out to research and critically reexamine Harold Benjamins renowned sarcasm on the educational and curriculum system of a supposedly Palaeolithic folk. The essay will make statements within the text and associate this to the instruction system of Britain in both an academic and vocational scene. We will write a custom essay sample on Johnny Man: Widening Views or any similar topic only for you Order Now It will look at the educational model for 14 to 19 twelvemonth olds and how this relates to the text in inquiry. The essay focuses on the 14 to 19 models of secondary schools, as this is the field in which I teach in. It will place womb-to-tomb larning through vocational instruction of building and how â€Å" Truly Useful Knowledge † is being used in the Saber Tooth Curriculum and the Construction industry today. The Saber Tooth Curriculum was written against the background of inharmoniousness in America. They had merely come out of the depression as a consequence of roar and flop epoch. Harold Benjamin was an educationist who had fought in the Fist World War and became a advocate of educational reform through his anonym J.Abner Peddiwell. The Saber Tooth Curriculum imagines the first educational system that is set up in Palaeolithic period by a tribesman called New-Fist-Hammer-Maker. He had gained his name by like an expert doing a tool that would be highly good to the endur ance of himself and his folk, Benjamin, J ( 1971, p7 ) states ; ‘New Fist gained his name and considerable local prestigiousness by bring forthing one of these artifacts in a less unsmooth and more utile signifier than any antecedently known to his folk ‘ . The writer has used New-Fist-Hammer-Maker as the footing of his narrative and the message he is seeking to state. Through his advanced tool doing accomplishments, he is seen as the intellectual of the group, and his thought and thirst for cognition are highlighted in the first transitions of the narrative, Benjamin, H ( 1971, p8 ) states ; ‘He began to catch glances of ways in which life might be made better for himself, his household, and his group. By virtuousness of this development, he became a unsafe adult male ‘ . The beginnings of New-Fists instruction for his kids and folk, evolves around the demand for security, comfort and nutrient. The simple undertaking of feeding his kids, himself and the folk was identified three classs of course of study: fish grabbing with au naturel custodies, woolly Equus caballus clubbing and saber tooth tiger frightening with fire. Through this course of study the kids had learnt the valuable lessons that would give them advantage over their equals. It was non long before the whole folk had learnt the three basicss of the course of study and for a clip they were secure and safe because of the instruction. One could tie in or compare the course of study New-Fist introduced into his folk, to the instruction system of secondary instruction and vocational instruction in today ‘s universe. The Education Act of 1944 by Winston Churchill ‘s Conservative Government, heralded free instruction to the multitudes. The course of study would hold involved the three R ‘s which would hold been Reading, Writing and Arithmetic. By analyzing these basicss pupils were judged to hold been given a good, if non just instruction to come on into a productive life. It is this foundation in Britain ‘s instruction system that reflects New- Fists course of study of fish catching with au naturel custodies, woolly Equus caballus clubbing and saber tooth tiger frightening with fire. Benjamin, H ( 1971, p12 ) states ; ‘The best trained horse-clubbers of the folk went out twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours and employed the most efficient techniques taught in the schools, but twenty-four hours after twenty-four hours they returned unrewarded. A Equus caballus clubbing instruction of the highest type could acquire no consequences when there were no Equus caballuss to club ‘ . As clip goes by the age old course of study of fish catching with au naturel custodies, woolly Equus caballus clubbing and saber tooth tiger frightening with fire is being called into inquiry because new ways of lasting were needed. The butchery of all the natural resources, biological promotion of a species and the onset ice age, forced the folk to contrive new technological betterments in their endurance accomplishments. As new ways were found to catch fish, traping antelope and capturing bears, the old course of study was sought to be out of day of the month by the bulk of the folk. The groups in the group opposed the seniors and questioned the techniques and learning which were seen to be irrelevant. One could pull analogues with this statement in the past and present instruction system, which has its values in the Thatcher Government of 1979 and the debut of the National Curriculum and all the proficient progresss that have been made since. Prior to the National Curriculum schools were able to learn â€Å" what † and â€Å" how † they wanted. It was an independent clip for instructors and all that were involved in the profession of instruction. The educational model of Britain had non changed since the debut of General Certificate of Education Ordinary degree makings, and the Advanced GCE degree in 1951. It was non until the early 1960 ‘s that the Certificate of Secondary Educa tion was introduced, as the O ‘ Levels were deemed to be excessively hard for the bulk of province instruction. The debut of Margaret Thatcher in 1979 can be seen as the major alteration to the educational system in Britain, and the continuance of that subject in Tony Blair ‘s New Labour in 1997. Thatcher sought to revolutionize the old model of O degrees and present an up to day of the month General Certificate of Education. Harmonizing to Kelly, A ( 1994 ) this new making would integrate all the new technological progresss and give pupils the cognition, accomplishments and abilities to come on into the wider universe of employment and the beginning of womb-to-tomb acquisition. You read "Johnny Man: Widening Views" in category "Essay examples" As clip has gone by the purportedly radical making set up under Thatcher, has itself come under oppugning and go the old guard. Tomlinsons Report in 2004 on course of study reform had put frontward a extremist shingle up of the wh ole making model for 14 to 19 twelvemonth olds. The writer has identified and differentiated vocational preparation and instruction through the senior ‘s stance on course of study alteration. One could pull analogues with the seniors and the building industry and house edifice because the necessity to construct and build a warm, stable and unafraid environment has been cardinal to our endurance since the beginning of clip, from the dark ages to the in-between ages and to the present twenty-four hours. As one coevals passes the learnt accomplishments from one to the other, cognition is being transferred and in clip expanded. As history progresses the manner in which one constructs their houses will alter with manner, manners and thoughts of the clip. Through this all the accomplishments that are learnt through new thoughts and manners are passed onto the following coevals of skilled craftsman. House edifice and building has been portion of the fiction of society, and the manner in which learners have been taught has evolved f rom that. Knowledge of constructing different ways has ever been fixed but what is â€Å" Truly Useful Knowledge † are of all time altering, depending on the Government enterprises, Sector skills Councils and the policy shapers of the clip. Presently the building industries have undergone a major reconsideration of all their makings and through authorities reform and support, issues have had to accommodate. The writer has brought the statement between instruction and preparation and how one is clearly different from the other, the groups in the folk are reasoning for an inspection and repair of their seemingly out of touch patterns fish catching with au naturel custodies, woolly Equus caballus clubbing and saber tooth tiger frightening with fire. The groups are reasoning for instruction to reflect what is go oning in the outside universe and to maintain up to day of the month with technological progresss. Through the seniors the statement for the course of study is based around societal duties, progressive acquisition and cardinal cognition, Benjamin, H ( 1971, p15 ) states ; â€Å" We do n’t learn fish-grabbing to catch fish ; we teach it to develop a generalised legerity which can ne’er to developed by mere preparation. We do n’t learn horse-clubbing to club Equus caballuss ; we teach it to develop a generalised strength in the scholar which he can ne’er acquire from so matter-of-fact and specialised a thing as antelope-snaring. We do n’t learn tiger-scaring to frighten Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelams ; we teach it for the intent of giving that baronial bravery which carries over into all the personal businesss of life and which can ne’er come from so basal an activity as bear-killing. † The same statements environing the course of study for 14 to 19 old ages olds are still being asked today, with relevancy to the pupil ‘s abilities to go forth instruction being to the full equipped with the right cognition to come on into employment, preparation and womb-to-tomb acquisition. The writer has used a journalistic manner of composing he writes in a manner that high spots and sensationalises New-Fist-Hammer-Maker ‘s expertness in doing good hunting tools for illustration Benjamin, J. ( 1971, p7 ) states ; ‘New Fist gained his name and considerable local prestigiousness by bring forthing one of these artifacts in a less unsmooth and more utile signifier than any antecedently known to his folk ‘ . The writer Benjamin has used a scope of affectional and descriptive linguistic communication to depict his narrative of a Palaeolithic tribe.Benjamin, H. ( p7 ) states ; ‘New-Fist pushed himself beyond those lengths to the point where thinking was inevitable ‘ . By puting New- Fist apart from his fellow folk Benjamin, H ( p7 ) states ; ‘He would gaze moodily at the flickering fires and inquire about assorted parts of his environment until he eventually got to the point where he became strongly dissatisfied with the accustomed ways of his folk ‘ . The whole narrative is set in a metaphor for life through instruction and those that administer what is â€Å" Truly Useful Knowledge † . The metaphor used by the folk is that instruction is the foundation for life itself and this can non be replaced by manner, manner, technological progresss and alteration in attitudes. The writer has used a simplistic manner to state the narrative of â€Å" The First Great Education Thinker â€Å" in maintaining with the narrative line itself. He has tried to prosecute all that read it foremost a apparently simple journey about a folk and their beginnings of an instruction system which has undertones of irony, sarcasm and a lingua in cheek attitude, Goodland, J argues ( xxviii,2004 ) that ; ‘However the cardinal defeat expressed satirically by Harold Benjamin in the Saber Tooth Curriculum was caused by the broad spread between the prevailing pattern what was executable ; between the best and poorest patterns ; between the verbal committednesss to instruction and the existent support it received ; between the pressing demand and the response ‘ . The writer has used dyslogistic words throughout the Saber Tooth Curriculum to cynically state the narrative of New-Fist and his folk. He has stigmatised, mocked and stereotyped the bulk of the folk and those that ab initio go against the new instruction system. In decision the Saber Tooth Curriculum was seeking to place how the universe was altering in its technological progresss. Harold Benjamin was sardonically naming into inquiry, course of study alteration and the different sides that opposed it. Benjamin has used a metaphor for the narrative and how instruction is the beginning of cognition and the necessity to construct on that cognition to convey about alteration and future prosperity. Britain is in a clasp of fiscal instability and the hereafter looks unsure for employment, preparation, instruction and life long larning. Britain and the state are fixing for a general election and the possibility of a alteration of Government looms. The Saber Tooth Curriculum and its satirical statements and arousing inquiries are still apparent in today ‘s Britain. The Saber Tooth Curriculum poses the thought of cognition as being fixed and ne’er changing and instruction being inactive and unmoveable. This in my position is a romantic a nd naif position of the universe through rose tinted spectacless. Educational alteration is a positive measure, merely if it is being changed for the good of the people and non by policy shapers or politicians. Bibliography Benjamin, H. ( 1971 ) The Saber Tooth Curriculum in The Curriculum ; Content Design and Development. Milton Keynes: Open University Press. Benjmain, H ( 2004 ) The Saber Tooth Curriculum The book that Changed the manner we look at Education. United States: McGraw-Hill. Kelly, V. ( 1994 ) . The National Curriculum A Critical Review. Newcastle upon Tyne: Sage Publications This essay sets out to place how the thought of modernism and postmodernism tantrums into the instruction system of Britain. It will seek to detect how instruction foremost began from the enlightenment period in the 19th century up to the present twenty-four hours. This essay will foreground the alterations that have taken topographic point in instruction, and how vocational instruction, and the beginnings of womb-to-tomb acquisition has taken root in todays province instruction system. The beginning of the instruction system in Europe and its ideals and beliefs have stemmed from faith and the church. From the really beginning of the spiritual beliefs, followings and adherents would hold required the cognition and accomplishments to read and follow instructions from the Christian religion. The Gallic revolution in1848 played an of import function in finding the enlightenment and modernistic thoughts. Prior to the Gallic revolution the sovereign, authorities curates, church clergy and the old guard were the most powerful influences on society. The enlightenment undertaking had split from the instructions and beliefs of the church and religion and placed its values in ground, scientific findings, human nature, not spiritual thoughts, free thoughts and rational thought. The enlightenment period would be a revolution of thoughts that emanated from the old thoughts of the in-between ages, and faith and the church being the fount of all cognition. Out of the Enlightenment period Modernity was born towards the terminal of the 19th century and they would hold viewed the universe as scientific, based on cosmopolitan truths, logical thought of cognition and objectiveness. This was a move off from trust on religion to ground merely accepting cognition if their was cogent evidence of a move into modernness Bron, A ( 2002, p42 ) states ; ‘Modernism has, of class, many dimensions but cardinal to its beliefs was the emancipatory potency of peculiar signifiers of cognition. Reason and scientific discipline were to be applied to human personal businesss, every bit good as to the natural universe, replacing God as the premier footing for human improvement and societal advancement ‘ . Modernity mirrored capitalist economy and the province did non endeavor for instruction of the multitudes to derive societal equality but to do the state prosper economically. The industrial revolution went some manner to alter thoughts about cognition, instruction and preparation as workers were going more skilled and the necessity to read and compose was evident. For the bulk of people, instruction was seen to be for the privileged few, up until the terminal of the Second World War. Education of this clip was based on a three grade system that included Secondary Moderns, Grammar and Technical Schools. The instruction of the bulk of the state was left down to the instructors, pedagogues and caputs of the educational establishment, authorities and curates were non involved in the â€Å" what † and â€Å" how â€Å" to learn kids. The instruction of the clip would hold been based around reading, composing, arithmetic, spiritual instruction and vocational topics like woodwork, needlecraft and metalwork. This would hold reflected a hidebound position of instruction instead than a modernist attack. While the move towards modernness had begun, many schools still remained traditionally based around the church. Kelly, V ( 1994, p24 ) argues ; ‘In most societies deliberate efforts are made to utilize the educational system to advance certain sorts of societal and political values- and spiritual values excessively, since it is apparent that the monolithic part of the churches development of instruction Al proviso over the old ages, along with their close engagement in the planning and direction of schools and colleges ‘ These pupils would non hold left school without a making but may hold been awarded a certification of school accomplishment. As instruction progressed into the 1950 ‘s The General Certificate of Education Ordinary degree makings and the Advanced GCE degree making were introduced into mainstream instruction. Harmonizing to the Qualifications and Curriculum Development Agency, the Certificate of Secondary Education ( CSE ) was introduced in the 1960 ‘s to provide for a wider spectrum of pupils. The grounds behind this was that the bulk of pupils were non able to finish the elitist O Levels and A Levels, as the scrutinies and procedures were excessively far making for the ordinary kid. The modernistic attack towards instruction system had non changed since the debut of the 1944 Education Act under Churchill ‘s Government, until the debut of the Margaret Thatcher Government in 1979. The station modernistic motion has come from a reaction against Modernism. This would hold been reflected in our civilization and, whether that is the humanistic disciplines, literature or architecture, these have stemmed from a feeling of alteration in our society. The first universe has evolved and moved on from the beginnings of capitalist economy and industrialism. Managerialism and the move off from the single instructor keeping power in what they taught their pupils, to the province make up one’s minding what should be taught. Technology, whole sale capitalist economy, denationalization, globalization would boom in the station modern universe, which had its roots at the terminal of the Second World War. Harmonizing to Usher, R ( 1996, P2 ) it is really hard to pigeon hole instruction with Postmodernism and goes onto province ; ‘Historically, instruction can be seen as the vehicle by which modernness ‘s ‘grand narrations ‘ , the enlightenment ideals of important ground, single freedom, advancement and benevolent alteration, are substantiated and realised ‘ Since the Introduction of Margaret Thatcher and her Conservative party in 1979 they had sought to alter the instruction system in Britain, with the Education Act 1988, a new Curriculum was born. The construction of the old making for primary and secondary schools were deemed to be out of touch. The General Certificate of Education Ordinary degree makings were to be abolished and replaced by The General Certificate of Secondary Education, Usher, R ( 1996, p25 ) states ; ‘Education is itself traveling through profound alterations in footings of intents, contents and methods, alterations are themselves an facet of the uncertainnesss of the postmodern minute ‘ . And goes on to province ; ‘Thus postmodernism becomes portion of the course of study, incorporated into the modern pattern of instruction ‘ . The National Curriculum had put the Government at the head of educational development. It had moved policy devising and educational alteration into a centrally planned system. The National Curriculum had identified that pupils would be broken down into cardinal phases, so that they could analyze the patterned advance and attainment marks from each cardinal phase, from an appraisal defined by the authorities. Another cardinal alteration was the distinction of topics into nucleus and foundation topics. The nucleus topics would be based around Mathematics, English and Sciences and Kelly, V ( 1994, p24 ) argues ; ‘Thus English has to come known more frequently as ‘ linguistic communication ‘ , as instructors have come to concentrate on the development of the students ability to utilize linguistic communication for thought and for speaking every bit good as for authorship, and, in the procedure of this alteration, there has been some loss of accent on grammatical constructions, on punctuation and, in general, on the mechanics of the English linguistic communication ‘ . The Governments concluding to alter the course of study, was to maintain in line with the postmodern universe and its rivals. Harmonizing to Kelly, A ( 1994 ) the demand to educate and develop pupils to go portion of society through employment and economic growing was paramount to the ideals of the Government. The beginnings of life long acquisition for 14 to 19 twelvemonth olds can be seen In 2004 by Mike Tomlinson study on the 14-19 reform of instruction which was commissioned by Tony Blair ‘s Labour Party following on from his â€Å" Education, Education, Education † rhetoric. The proposed alteration of course of study is really much centred on immature pupils going grownups within the making model, therefore seting them on the first measure of life long larning. The alteration in ideals and aspiration between New Labour and the Conservative Party it had superseded could be seen as an extension of the former government. Mike Tomlinson had advocated a complete shingle up of the current making model of G.C.S.E ‘S and A Level making. Harmonizing to Tomlinson ( 2004, p4 ) the reform was needed to ; ‘Raise engagement and accomplishment, strengthen vocational paths, provide greater stretch and challenge, acquire the rudimentss right ( English, maths, ICT ) cut down the appraisal load, and do the system more crystalline and easier to understand ‘ . Since 2004 Vocational instruction has been introduced into secondary school, constructing people into the universe of work non modernism instruction for instruction interest. The overplus of classs now available to school kids from the age of 14 old ages old, scope from Construction, Horticulture, Catering, Creative Media, Motor Mechanics, Engineering, Hair, Beauty, Outdoor instruction etc. This continuance of the altering face of instruction falls in line with Jarvis ( 2004, p32 ) ; ‘With this rapid alteration, it is about impossible to see cognition as a truth any more- we are now speaking about something that is comparative and can be changed once more every bit shortly as some new find is made ‘ . Although vocational instruction has reached many more pupils in secondary schools Tomlinson ‘s, sweeping alteration of the making model for 14-19 twelvemonth olds has been watered down and have been partly introduced. In decision the argument and statements environing Modernism and Post Modernism in our society have been ongoing since the debut of the thought. Mod positions replaced the ideals of the church, and cognition being placed into scientific findings and truths as the universe was altering. The thoughts of Modernism and Postmodernism took assorted signifiers in architecture, art, literature and instruction, and it could be argued that postmodernism is merely another signifier of modernism, and one is an extension of the other. As the essay has shown cognition is of all time traveling and altering and the instruction of our society reflects that cultural and ideological motion. Bibliography Bron, A. , Schemmann, M. ( 2002 ) . Social Science Theories in Adult Education Research. New Brunswick ( USA ) : Transaction Publishers. Jarvis, P. ( 2001 ) The age of larning. London: Kogan Page. Kelly, V. ( 1994 ) . The National Curriculum A Critical Review. Newcastle upon Tyne: Sage Publications Usher, R. , Edwards, R. ( 1996 ) . Postmodernism And Education. Great Britain, Chatham: Routledge. Department of Education and Skills. ( 2004 ) 14-19 Curriculum and Qualifications Reform. Available at: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.dcsf.gov.uk/14-19/documents/Final % 20Report.pdf ( Accessed: 1st April 2010 ) The essay will place a modern-day thought within instruction, Marketisation, and how it has affected the direction of schools and how they have changed their political orientation and construction because of it. It will turn up how the school ethos and their long term plans fits into womb-to-tomb acquisition. The essay will foreground the alterations in authorities and how they have affected instruction and place cardinal constabularies within that. The debut of the Conservative authorities under Margaret Thatcher in the 1970 ‘s changed Britain and its nucleus values in footings of its national industries, instruction and the wellness service. Before the Conservative Government Secondary schools were able to learn its ain course of study and make up one’s mind what â€Å" Truly Useful Knowledge † was for their pupils. It was in the epoch of instructors being independent and at the Centre of pupils larning. The course of study of schools from the1950 ‘s to th e1970 ‘s harmonizing to Matheson, D ( 2008 ) , did non hold a common nucleus course of study and was able to take their ain standards for learning. Schools were able to learn what they decided and how they were traveling to learn. Schooling of the 1950 ‘s and the 1970 ‘s gave power to instructors in the schoolroom. They could take their ain reading stuff, doctrine and the manner they taught the kids. The Thatcher Government and its political orientations and values had crushed the brotherhoods in its chase of merchandising of Britain ‘s National industries and interrupting the spirit of all those that stood behind it. The thought of denationalization was introduced under Thatcher ‘s Conservatives and Education did non get away their implicit in influences, Randle, K argues that ( 2000, pp140 ) ‘The New mangerialsim can be characterised as a manner of direction which emerged in the UK in the early 1980 ‘s and bit by bit distribute throughout the Public Sector. It began with the civil service in the aftermath of the Rayner Scritinities and the Financial Management Initiative ( Metcalf and Richards. 1987 ) and has since been established in local governments, the BBC, the NHS and the Education Sector ‘ . Prior to Thatcher all secondary schools and farther instruction colleges were under the control of Local Educational Authorities, but Thatcher had given all secondary schools the license to go Masterss of their ain fate if they so desired, and enter into the concern universe of instruction. Secondary Schools were now portion of this new universe of denationalization, marketisation and Thatcherism. Kelly, A ( 1994, p48 ) states ; ‘It is possibly deserving observing foremost the commercial imagination that is a characteristic of much of the 1988 Acts back uping certification. We read of the suppliers of instruction, of the ‘delivery ‘ of the course of study, of ‘machinery ‘ for carry throughing this and that, of the ‘users ‘ of the system, of its ‘consumers ‘ , of our rivals and so on ‘ . The 1988 Education Reform Act would turn out to be instrumental in both, the manner in which schools and farther instruction colleges were funded. The National Curriculum was introduced into province instruction in 1988 so the Government could determine the patterned advance of all secondary schools in England. The debut of the National Curriculum conference tabular arraies and SATS were shortly to follow. In countries of the state that still have Grammar Schools, Comprehensive and Secondary Moderns viing against each other, the National Curriculum set up under Thatcher would ever be a stumbling block for the under acting schools that would be at the underside of the conference tabular arraies. With the oncoming of Marketisation and Managerialism of instruction, Secondary Schools like The Community College Whitstable would hold to accommodate to the altering values of instruction. Schools have had to alter the set up of their managerial doctrines and go more in melody with the fundss of their establishment. The direction squad at The Community College Whitstable is set up as a concern with the Managing Director at the top or the Head and the Teachers at the underside in what could be described as a Christmas tree formation. The caput will hold their senior direction squad below her, and 2 Deputy Heads and the main Finance Officer as their closest confidantes. From the instructor at the bottom one will hold to see one degree above before he or she can talk to the Head. Through this concatenation of bid the Head instructor will be able to study and supervise the school and how it performs both financially and academically. For schools such as The Community College Whitstable, pulling a steady flow of pupils twelvemonth on twelvemonth is critical as the pupils represent a fiscal addition. The conference tabular arraies are all of import for possible new pupils and the patterned advance up the conference is paramount. Harmonizing to Ofsted Report ( 2000 ) The Commu nity College Whitstable had underperformed academically in 1997, 98, 99, which show that they was in the bottom five per cent of schools. The Oftsed Reports in 2006 and 2009 have non shown much advancement from the early yearss of the transmutation of the Sir William Nottidge to The Community College Whitstable. The grounds for this can be seen in the unjust disadvantage of the choice policy and competition from other schools in the Kent country. Hill, D ( 2001, p12 ) backs up this statement ; ‘New Labour policy and discourse on instruction, on schooling in peculiar, shows both continuities and differences with Thatcherism. The major continuities are a scope of low public outgo, denationalization, and the care of a selective, specializer and exclusionary instruction system ‘ . The outlooks from instructors to execute, educate and train pupils to go through test has non been greater as instructors public presentation degrees are linked into the school â€Å" mangerialism † . Teachers are bound to the schools with annual reappraisals on their public presentation direction, which are centred on the schools aspiration on accomplishment. Through these public presentation direction reviews instructors are assessed and a annual increase of their wage is paid. The 14-19 docket and the present authorities policies and support have had an impact on all secondary schools, they are no longer happy to allow their pupils travel to the local farther instruction colleges or elsewhere. The policy to maintain pupils past the compulsory age, are apparent at The Community College Whitstable, as the figure of station compulsory pupils have risen each twelvemonth, from 11 in 2000 to 117 in 2009. The chance of maintaining pupils station 16 are seen as a must for The Community College Whitstable. The growing of 6th signifier can be seen as instruction for instructions sake, as the consumption of pupils into 6th signifier can be seen as an unfastened door policy for fiscal addition, Evans, K. ( 2000, p126 ) argues ; ‘Currently, both the FEFC and TEC support theoretical accounts is target driven. If we add in the force per unit areas on schools to make full their sixth signifiers with pupils who will accomplish and, hence, hike their schools standing in the conference tabular arraies, we can see that, at local degree, the construct of partnership in station 16 instruction and preparation market is non based on lovingness and sharing ‘ . As one can measure the debut of womb-to-tomb acquisition is really of import to secondary schools, which no longer sees themselves as merely mandatory instruction but establishments of larning. As each pupil represents money and are costed into the budget for the fiscal twelvemonth it is imperative to prolong the pupil Numberss. Not merely are secondary schools viing with other educational establishments they are besides mercantile establishments for outreach Centres such as Learn Direct. The Community College Whitstable has incorporated the Learn Direct into their substructure, which caters for a broad scope of educational classs, either online or as a bead in Centre. These Centres are cardinal for womb-to-tomb propensity or those that do non desire to come in mainstream instruction. Such enterprises are instrumental in the new managerialism and marketisation of secondary schools such as The Community College Whitstable. In decision Marketisation of schools and Further Education are straight linked to the Margaret Thatcher ‘s Conservative Government of the late 70 ‘s and early 80 ‘s. The extremist shingle up of the national establishments from denationalization, and the interruption up of trade brotherhoods and the planetary economic system have had a immense impact on the instruction system. Despite the alteration in Governments, the on-going conflict for the right instruction system is still being sought after. Secondary schools such as The Community College Whitstable have become concerns in instruction in their ain right and will hold to accommodate and continually alteration with the air current of power. Secondary schools will and make play an of import portion in Lifelong Learning as they are the foundations for all our acquisition. How to cite Johnny Man: Widening Views, Essay examples

Patriotis an Example by

Patriotis by Expert Marvellous | 29 Dec 2016 Introduction Need essay sample on "Patriotis" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed This paper seeks to discuss the meaning, use and possible consequences of the word patriotism using the three separate quotes from different authors. Any agreement or disagreement with reasons will also be made part of the paper. The paper will also make a position with reasons whether ideas of the writers are relevant to our with the corresponding reasons. Quote by Arundhati Roy in The algebra of Infinite Justice Patriotism can be defined as love of country. If we try to decipher what is meant by Arundhati in the article The Algebra of Infinite Justice we have to get from very words he used in the article. In the article, he said, Who is America fighting? On September 20, the FBI said that it had doubts about the identities of some of the hijackers. On the same day President George Bush said, We know exactly who these people are and which governments are supporting them. It sounds as though the president knows something that the FBI and the American public don't. The author was showing surprise how America was using meaning of patriotism to advance its cause by the declaration of President Bush of what the US government as to the identity of its enemy, which the public may not really know. This was further manifested in the same article when he quoted statements made by President Bush in calling the US enemies as enemies of freedom. The author then observed that the American people are being asked to make two leaps of faith here. First, to assume that The Enemy is who the US government says it is, even though it has no substantial evidence to support that claim. And second, to assume that The Enemy's motives are what the US government says they are, and there's nothing to support that either. In other words, the author the defined patriotism in terms of the utterances of the President and what the latter wants the public to believe. Patriotism therefore was not felt by citizens as second nature to their love of self. It is what their president was putting in their minds which may not be the truth. Hence Arundhati wondered if US government is correct in its assertion of defense of freedom when what were attacked are the symbols of America's economic and military dominance, the World Trade Centre and the Pentagon. He was asking: Why not the Statue of Liberty? He thus pointed to the lack of surprise by world to the then recently bereaving Americans. He observed then the indifference of the world with happened. If this is the kind of patriotism that is put on the table, I would have to register my disagreement. For me patriotism must be naturally felt by its citizens that any statement from their president would just be confirmation of that feeling? But why the wonder in the mind of the writer? If patriotism is one that is imposed and told upon and that is truly felt where a sympathy of world support would have evoke the same feeling then it is true patriotism. And if patriotism is equated with freedom and system of government, then that would indirectly attacking the other governments of may not have adopted democracy yet they continue to live like that of China and Russia. No wonder the support of all the members of the United Nation were not approving of Americas decision to its decision to attach Iraq after the 9/11 attack. Quote by Emma Goldman- Patriotism as a Menace to Liberty The author gave two possible definitions of patriotism. She conditionally said that if patriotism is the loves of one's birthplace, the place of childhood's recollections and hopes, dreams and aspirations, or place where Americans would sit at mother's knee, enraptured by wonderful tales of great deeds and conquests, then she said that few American men of today could be called upon to be patriotic, since the place of play has been turned into factory, mill, and mine, while deafening sounds of machinery have replaced the music of the birds. On the other side, she also quoted Dr Johnson who said, "Patriotism, sir, is the last resort of scoundrels, and Leo Tolstoy, who defined patriotism as the principle that will justify the training of wholesale murderers; a trade that requires better equipment for the exercise of man-killing than the making of such necessities of life as shoes, clothing, and houses; a trade that guarantees better returns and greater glory than that of the average workingman. Under the first definition, it is easy to agree in so far as ones emotions or our earlier theory is concerned, that is patriotism must be felt. But since the authors see the reality of the other definition we will have to agreement or disagreement on that. She was referring to a misuse of the meaning of patriotism where it could be used to justify training of wholesale of murderers. If what is meant by the author is the war entered into by America is unsupported by a general feeling of support by American people then the meaning of patriotism is being abused. But one would ask: Should not the American government be given full credence and presumption of what is patriotic in their government in so going to war? Well, the answer to the question must be evaluated on the basis of the results. If the priority of America is going to war or as the author has quoted then America might be misusing patriotism in the context it wants to use. In misusing the meaning and consequence of patriotism, I am registering dissent. Patriotism is never meant to kill people. Patriotism should be providing the necessities of life. It was never meant to be aggressive. Quote by Barbara Kingsolver A pure, High Note of Anguish Barbara Kingsolver defined patriotism in having a hundred ways to be a good citizen. She cited that one of them is to look finally at the things we don't want to see. She also said, It still may be within our capacity of mercy to say this much is true: We didn't really understand how it felt when citizens were buried alive in Turkey or Nicaragua or Hiroshima. Or that night in Baghdad. And we haven't cared enough for the particular brothers and mothers taken down a limb or a life at a time, for such a span of years that that little, briefly jubilant boys have grown up with twisted hearts. She is thus surprised and asked, How could we keep raining down bombs and selling weapons, if we had? How can our president still use that word "attack" so casually, like a move in a checker game, now that we have awakened to see that word in our own newspapers, used like this: Attack on America? She meant that love of country could be just done by caring about other people. It could be just not bombing other people. She may mean living in peaceful coexistence with the other cultures of the world without really need for an attack. Given this kind of meaning and the possible consequences, I do find myself agreeing with the concept of patriotism. Barbara is right in saying that the world hopes American people might have learned from the taste of their our own blood, that every war is both won and lost, and that loss is a pure, high note of anguish like a mother singing to any empty bed. better than ever before, that no kind of bomb ever built will extinguish hatred. The author saw the wisdom of having a simple meaning and consequence of patriotism. Conclusion: Quotes cited from the different articles from three independent authors have shown us different meanings and consequences of patriotism where one could define it in terms of purpose and results. In one case we have found that the concept may be used to justify attack on other people of the world even in the absence of evidence of real threat like what had happened in Iraq where not evidence of weapons of mass destruction was presented by the prosecuting authorities. Patriotism could be misused to justify massive training of for war and which actually be declared murders if there sufficient basis to go to war. Patriotism too could be just simple as finally looking unto things which we do not like to see. For America, it could be just not attacking other people country or just refusing to use the word attack that other countries might also live peacefully. The word patriotism I think was coined long time ago to make the world see that each culture is separate and that separateness of one country might just have predestined to happen as the reality of different races and color reveal. But the word must have its own boundaries if the proper definition of the word be correctly defined. As to whether the above ideas of the writers relevant to our time, out answer are a big yes. The present events call for the options of making decision that should make a better world to live. Patriotism is not a monopoly of those in power. It is should felt deeply and practiced or enabled to be practiced by human citizens and Americans are humans, too. Bibliography: Arundhati, R. The algebra of Infinite Justice, 2001 Goldman, E. Patriotism as a Menace to Liberty Kingsolver, B. A pure, High Note of Anguish